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Kayaking Safety For Beginners and Experts!
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Types of Kayaks and Which to Choose
Whether you are looking for a relaxing afternoon or an adventure down a river, kayaks offer good opportunities for outdoor fun.
Which kayak types are the best?
Use this guide to learn more about different types of kayaks and which types might be right for you.
Solo Kayaks
Solo kayaks are designed for one paddler. They're typically lightweight, easy to maneuver and great on lakes or calm rivers due to their speed capabilities.
The most popular kayaks are solo kayaks or single-person kayaks, with the advantage being that only one person needs to go out on the water. Solo kayaks are popular among kayakers because they allow them to design their own route and speed without having to keep someone else in mind.
Generally, solo kayaks are lighter than similar tandem kayaks and often less expensive.
Tandem Kayaks
Designed for two people, tandem kayaks are designed for casual kayaking. However, some types of tandems can be used for more advanced outings, like kayak fishing or sea kayaking.
Tandems are excellent options for those who want to paddle with friends or family members, as they allow multiple people the chance to enjoy the same activity at once rather than taking turns. They also have the advantage of allowing two paddlers with different skill levels to work together.
Most kayaks, regardless of type, have a tandem version.
Sit-On-Top Kayaks
Sit-on-top kayaks are a popular type of recreational kayak as they provide a stable and comfortable paddling platform, allowing you to confidently explore any body of water. Sit-on-top kayaks come in a wide range of designs, including recreational, fishing, and tandem.
Sit-on-top kayaks have two primary advantages. The first is that they won't fill with water if flipped over. This makes them simpler to get back into while out on deep water, one of the reasons why sit-on-tops are a safer option for a less experienced recreational kayaker.
The second advantage is that they are easy to move around on, allowing users to easily grab items like a fishing rod, cooler, and other gear. For this reason, most fishing kayaks are sit-on-top designs.
Additionally, they have large open cockpits and are suitable for those with no worries about learning any difficult skills or running into any danger. They're stable and easy enough that they make a great beginner kayak for those who are just starting out.
Sit-Inside Kayaks
Sit-inside kayaks come in a wide range of designs that include touring, whitewater, recreational, tandem, and racing.
A major advantage of sit-inside kayaks is their large storage capacity and the sheer number of types available. Sit-inside kayaks are often equipped with a sprayskirt, which allows them to be closed off from the elements.
Compared to sit-on-top kayaks, sit-inside kayaks can be warmer and dryer, making it easier to paddle in colder conditions. Depending on the design and type, a closed cockpit can protect a kayaker from rain and turbulent waters.
Recreational Kayaks
Recreational kayaks are typically very stable in calm waters with little to no waves. They can be used effectively by people of all sizes, large or small. Stability is important for a larger person
Recreational kayaks are comfortable, fun, and built to last. Many recreational kayaks come with basic features and are reasonably priced. Very basic recreational kayaks are simply a molded kayak hull with a seat and no more. More elaborate recreational kayaks feature some touring must-haves, like extra storage space, adjustable foot braces, and deck rigging.
Touring Kayaks
For those who plan on kayaking for long distances over multiple days, consider a touring kayak. Touring kayaks are designed with a focus on speed and efficiency versus stability. Touring kayaks are generally longer than 11 feet in length but can vary depending on what you want to do with them. For example, if you're looking to paddle the lakes and coastlines far from shore, a longer vessel will allow you to cover more water.
Fishing Kayaks
There are many reasons that kayak fishing has grown in popularity over the last few years. Fishing kayaks are more portable and convenient than larger motorboats, letting you go wherever you want and reach places that other boats can not.
Kayaks also tend to disturb the water less than larger boats, so you worry less about scaring fish away. Pedal-powered fishing kayaks let propel and control your kayak with your feet, leaving your hands free for fishing. Motorized fishing kayaks can give anglers a competitive edge, allowing you to cover more water and use intelligent features like spot-lock and Autopilot
Fishing kayaks are designed with everything an angler may need for fishing out on the water. These kayaks are often equipped with rod holders, storage space for tackle, and mounting for fish finders.
Construction types vary, but fishing kayaks can be made from a range of materials, including plastic, fiberglass or inflatable types. The choice will depend on your budget as well as how much weight you have to carry out onto the water.
Pedal Kayaks
Pedal kayaks are propelled by the kayaker’s legs instead of a paddle. Most pedal systems are similar to a recumbent bike. You can still use a paddle on a pedal kayak, and most come with a mount to store it out of the way when not in use.
Pedal kayaks have adjustable seats to accommodate kayakers of different heights. Pedal kayaks offer a mostly hands-free experience (you’ll still need a hand to steer by controlling a rudder), letting you fish, take photos, or use a phone as you continue to move through the water.
Major benefits of pedal-powered kayaks include:
Hands-free and easy, user-friendly propulsion
A more efficient trip, leading to less fatigue
More powerful thrust
Faster speed (in most conditions)
Quiet pedaling, perfect for fishing
Pedal kayaks are sturdy, versatile options for people who enjoy recreational paddling or leisure time on the water.
Motorized Power Kayaks
Motorized kayaks use a mostly hands-free propulsion method. However, instead of pedals, the kayak is propelled by an electric motor.
Motorized kayaks are powered by deep cycle marine batteries, and many are also compatible in saltwater. There are various types of motors and types of kayaks for different purposes. Some kayakers use trolling motors because they do not want to make noise when fishing, and some use them to go farther with less physical effort.
Hunting Kayaks
The popularity of kayaking hunting has grown over the years, and for good reason. It gives hunters access to locations that can't be reached by boat or foot.
With these you are able to reach places that you wouldn't normally if you were hunting on land. This allows kayakers to have more successful hunting trips.
While most hunters use kayaks for duck or waterfowl hunting, you can also shoot larger land game from a kayak, quietly sneaking up on them from the water. There are many hunting kayak options on the market, so keep these considerations in mind:
Stability and tracking
Maneuverability
Durability
Storage
Safety
Camouflage and concealment
Inflatable Kayaks
Inflatable kayaks are made from hard-wearing, puncture-resistant PVC and synthetic rubbers. They have grown in popularity in recent years among recreational kayakers but are also used when river or whitewater kayaking.
There are many advantages to an inflatable kayak which include a lightweight design, increased stability due to wider kayak beams, and buoyancy. Storage and transportation is easy with these kayaks, too. They can be deflated and rolled up, making a kayak mount on your vehicle unnecessary.
While an inflatable kayak is never going to match the performance of hard shells, they're a great option for beginners. They can be harder to track and often slower, so if you're used to a more traditional kayak, it may take some getting used to.
Folding Kayaks
Foldable kayaks, sometimes referred to as collapsible kayaks, is the difference between hard-shell and inflatable designs.
They have a rigid frame, but as the name suggests, they are foldable and easy to transport. The frame is flexible and has either a waterproof fabric that stretches over it or folding panels.
Folding kayaks also have a number of advantages over traditional types. They're usually faster, more maneuverable and they provide better storage options as the frame can carry additional gear inside it. They are ideal for those who like to hike and travel and should be easy to collapse and take with you wherever your adventure is headed.
Essential Kayaking Gear for the First-Timer
Having the right gear is essential for a safe and enjoyable Kayaking experience on the water. As a beginner, it’s important to invest in the right equipment that will enhance your comfort, safety, and overall performance. Here are some key items that every first-time kayaker should have:
Kayak Paddle
A high-quality paddle is crucial for efficient propulsion and control. Look for a paddle that is lightweight, durable, and appropriately sized for your height and paddling style.
Personal Flotation Device (PFD)
Safety should always be a top priority, and wearing a properly fitted PFD is non-negotiable. This flotation device will keep you afloat in case of an accident and is a legal requirement in many places.
Proper Clothing
Dressing for kayaking requires consideration of the weather conditions. Opt for quick-drying, moisture-wicking clothing that provides protection from the sun and the water. Don’t forget a hat and sunglasses for added sun protection.
Bilge Pump
A bilge pump is a handy tool for removing water from the kayak’s hull. It helps keep the kayak dry and prevents it from becoming unstable due to excess water.
Maps or Compasses
Navigational aids like maps or compasses are essential for planning routes and ensuring you stay on the right track during your kayaking adventures.
Whistle or Signaling Device
A whistle or signaling device is a vital safety item that can be used to alert others if you are in distress or need assistance.
A Helmet or Hat
Depending on the type of kayaking you plan to do, wearing a helmet or hat can provide added protection against head injuries and sun exposure.
Water and Snacks
Staying hydrated and fueled during your kayaking trips is crucial for maintaining energy and preventing dehydration. Pack plenty of water and nourishing snacks to keep you going.
Kayaking Safety Checklist
Check Your Kayak for Holes or Damage
Every time you get on the water, you should do a quick check. Check for holes, deep scratches or general wear and tear and make any repairs to ensure your boat is watertight before heading out.
Get Your Buoyancy Aid or PFD
These should always be worn when kayaking. It might also be worth considering whether you need a helmet too, depending on the type of water you are paddling.
Get All Your Paddling Equipment
Boat, paddle, BA or PFD and helmet if you’re on moving water!
Clothing… have you got the right clothes for the job? Find out more about the types of clothing you can wear when kayaking in our article Kayak clothing: what you need to wear on the water . In short have you packed your: cag, wetsuit/paddle top and shorts, wet boots, BA, helmet and spraydeck?
Mobile Phone
Always take your mobile phone in a waterproof pouch. You should always have a way of calling for help! Keep it close by too. If you can’t reach it, it’s no use. Think about taking a charging pack with you too, just incase you run out of battery on longer paddles.
Mini Repair kit
Have you packed a mini repair kit? We don’t expect things to go wrong, but preparation will help ensure they don’t. Simply carrying some duct tape and a basic repair kit can be a lifesaver! Think about airbags and floats too. Has your boat got sufficient buoyancy?
Dry Bag With the Essentials
Have you packed your dry bag with the essentials for the paddle ahead? Drinking water, hot drinks, snacks, suncream, spare clothes, warm clothing, towel, hats/gloves. You need to be prepared to paddle in the warm summer weather. It’s worth also considering a small first aid kit with things like plasters, painkillers, bandages, rehydration sachets, antiseptic wipes and insect spray.
Plan Ahead!
Plan ahead for your trip. Know you’re planned route and check for any hazards before you head out. Have you got a map, trail map or some sort of navigation equipment if you need it? If you’re on a canal you can probably get away with it (although we always recommend having something!), but for trips on the sea, open water or rivers, it’s best to know exactly where you are and where you are going. Some sort of navigation equipment like a GPS or simple map and compass is a must-have! Also make sure you let somebody else know where you are going and when you expect to return.
Check the Weather, Wind, Tide and Water Levels
Check the weather, wind, tide and water levels before you head out. It’s always important to be prepared for the conditions you might face. On the sea you the weather can change as you leave the beach, especially when it comes to offshore winds.
Know your limits!
Know your limits. Don’t push the boundaries when you don’t have to. Paddle in areas you know and are suitably experienced for. If you want to push on further, why not take a few courses or join a club first to get the skills you need? Or find your local club to paddle with. Better safe than sorry!
For Safe Kayaking Always Remember To;
Wear a properly fitted Personal Flotation Device (PFD), check weather and tide conditions, dress appropriately (including for immersion), and carry essential safety gear like a whistle, throw rope, and first-aid kit.
Here is a more detailed look at kayaking safety considerations:
1. Personal Flotation Device (PFD)
Always wear a PFD:
A properly fitted PFD is non-negotiable and a legal requirement in many places.
Choose the right type:
Select a PFD that's suitable for the activity and water conditions you'll be paddling in.
Ensure proper fit:
Make sure the PFD is snug, but not too tight or loose, allowing for unrestricted paddling movements.
2. Check Weather and Water Conditions
Monitor weather:
Before heading out, check the weather forecast for wind speed, direction, and potential rain or thunderstorms.
Be aware of tides and currents:
Understanding local tide and current patterns is crucial, as they can significantly impact your kayaking experience.
Consider wave height and water clarity:
Know the type of waters you will be paddling and if you will need any additional safety gear such as a helmet.
3. Essential Safety Gear
Throw Rope/Heaving Line: A buoyant throw rope is essential for quick rescues if a kayak flips or a paddler needs assistance.
Whistle: A whistle can be used to signal for help when you're on the water.
First-aid kit: Carry a waterproof first-aid kit to address minor injuries.
Bilge Pump: Essential for sit-inside kayaks to remove water that might leak into the cockpit.
Knife: Always keep a good safety knife on hand.
4. Dressing Appropriately
Dress for immersion
Even in warm weather, be prepared for a potential flip and wear layers of clothing to stay warm and comfortable.
Consider wetsuits or drysuits
Wetsuits and drysuits provide insulation and help to prevent hypothermia in cold water.
Wear appropriate footwear
Choose water shoes or boots that provide good traction and support on the water.
Appropriate warm clothes
Always carry appropriate clothing to keep you warm.
5. Kayaking Safety Tips
Never kayak alone
Always paddle with a buddy or a group to ensure someone can provide assistance if needed.
Enter and exit the kayak safely
Practice proper techniques for entering and exiting the kayak to minimize the risk of capsizing.
Learn basic kayaking skills
Take time to learn how to paddle efficiently, control the kayak, and perform rescues.
Don't drink and paddle
Just like driving or other activities that require concentration, kayaking doesn't mix with drinking alcohol.
Stay Hydrated
Carry drinking water and use sunscreen.
Don't walk through shallow water
Avoid walking through shallow water as your feet may get hooked on submerged objects.
Know how to do a wet exit
Always know how to do a wet exit (when your kayak overturns and you have to get out of it in the water).
Keep your shoulders within the gunwales
If you must retrieve something from the water, reach with your paddle or get close enough to retrieve the item without leaning over.